• Cite the sources of all the data and ideas you have used in your paper.
• Make sure that the information in the citations is clear, and follow the same rules for all citations in the list of references used, including consistent formatting (e.g. punctuation).
• Give full details in the citation (less is not more in this case).
• Always adopt the information in the citation from a specific document (i.e. with a book or another source of information in your hand), avoid so-called secondary citations (i.e. citations of original works cited in another work; it is better to look up the original work and cite it specifically).
• As a rule, do not look for missing information, but omit it (e.g. ISBN, full author's first name, etc.). The exception is the date of publication, which is an important piece of information for the reader and can be traced or guessed.
• If the date of publication is not given, but you have nevertheless traced it from another source or have estimated it, this date should be given in square brackets (e.g.: [ca. 1750], [198?]).
• Unless absolutely necessary, do not abbreviate the words contained in the information about the publication cited.
• Citing online sources follows almost the same rules as print sources, again it is important to be able to trace the source back.
• If you are using one of the help tools to work with citations, always check the result.
• Information is written in the language of the document (it is not translated). Exceptions are physical description data such as pagination and notes, additional information in round brackets, abbreviations and conjunctions.
• Data on information sources that are not in Latin characters must always be transliterated (e.g. from Cyrillic characters) or transcribed (from Japanese characters).

• When writing from your own experience, your own perceptions, your own thoughts, etc., or when you describe the results of your own experiments or observations,
• When using your own drawings, digital photographs, video, audio, etc.,
• When referring to so-called common knowledge, e.g. folklore, myths, rumours and urban legends, historical events (not applicable to historical documents),
• When using generally known knowledge, e.g. car emissions have a bad effect on the environment, or facts that are accepted as general within a particular field, e.g. Newton's laws of motion; BUT! If you want to state with how much percentage cars contribute to the production of carbon dioxide, you already have to state a citation.

Even if you use artificial intelligence tools when writing academic texts, as the author, you are fully responsible for the information provided. Don't forget to cite all information correctly.

• Transparency and accountability: Be open about the use of AI. It is desirable to declare and describe the methods of use in the methodology section, and it is also appropriate to attach the prompts used. Try to discuss the role of AI openly with other students and teachers.
• Prioritize primary sources:Chatbots are trained on primary sources, but they do not normally cite them. You should search for the original authors and always refer to their work. This will also verify the factual accuracy of the information and prevent the risk of the aforementioned hallucinations.
• Citing AI outputs: If you use direct quotations or paraphrases of AI outputs (e.g., creative texts) in your work, they must be properly cited. In this case, the company behind the chatbot is the "author" and "publisher," and the chatbot is the "title." Don't forget to include the date the content was generated, as models change over time (source in czech language).

• Most often these are paraphrases or direct quotations
• References in the text
• Bibliographic citations at the end of the text or in footnotes
• List of references

• numerical references 

The list of references is ordered by numbers in parentheses or superscripts. Repeated citations of a work refer to the same number.

• notes + footnotes 

The list of references is ordered by numbers in parentheses or superscript. Each reference has its own number, footnotes are abbreviated and listed in full in the bibliography.

• name and date (the Harvard method)

The author's name and year of publication of the cited source are given in the text in the form (name, date, page). If the author's name occurs naturally in the text, the year of publication follows in parentheses; if not, the name and year are given in parentheses. If two or more sources have the same author and year of publication, they are distinguished by lowercase letters of the alphabet (Smith 1980a, p. 25). The list of citations is sorted by the authors' last names with the year of publication.

More about ČSN ISO 690

The alphabetical list of bibliographic citations is organized according to several rules:

• self-citations (citations of the author's own works) are placed before other alphabetically ordered bibliographic citations
• bibliographic citations of works by a single author always precede citations of works by multiple authors with the same name at the beginning
• bibliographic citations of works by a single author are further arranged chronologically in ascending order from oldest to newest
• bibliographic citations of works by multiple authors that begin with the same author are further arranged chronologically in ascending order from oldest to newest

When working with citations, you can use one of the citation managers, which will easily create citations for you using a form. In addition, they can create and manage lists or share citations, for example. Citation management tools will do a lot of work for you, but always check the citation in the end.

• Citace.com - A freely available citation manager focused on Czech and ČSN ISO 690. FSV students also have access to the paid version of the application (citation management, folders, sharing, file insertion, export/import to Word, from databases – e.g. Proquest / SFX).
• EndNote online with WoS (part of Web of Science) - freely available citation manager for collecting and managing bibliographic citations and web references
• Zotero - A freely available, robust citation tool that works with various citation styles.

More about citation tools

If you need advice or a personal consultation, you can contact citace@fsv.cuni.cz.